In this cross-sectional study, 3,237 respondents aged 12 years and older finished the online survey. Our research aimed to assess the influence of gender difference on social support, information preference, biological rhythm, psychological distress, and the possible interaction among these factors during the COVID-19 pandemic. When facing major emergency public accidents, men and women may react differently. An interesting avenue for future research would be to examine changes in specific mental health symptoms or disorders in relation to recidivism risk. Changes in mental health did not result in better legal outcomes. The course of mental health was associated with pre-existing socio-demographic and psychological characteristics that seem worthy to be considered in correctional treatment plans. The study confirms prior findings illustrating a generally positive change in mental health symptoms during detention. Group membership did not predict reoffending. Older age, pre-existing functional impairment due to alcohol or drug use, diagnosis of psychiatric disorders, debts, use of psychiatric care during detention, and a more severe experience of detention were associated with membership in the second group. A small group (19%) reported high distress after prison entry with improvements over time. Two distinct groups of mental health trajectories were identified: The majority (81%) reported relatively low levels of mental health problems, remaining stable over time. On average, self-reported mental health improved during incarceration. We used group-based trajectory modeling and logistic regressions for the analyses. Recidivism was defined as reconviction and re-incarceration up to 18 months post-release. Mental health problems were measured using the Brief Symptom Inventory. A prospective cohort of 1,904 adult males detained in Dutch pre-trial detention facilities was assessed at three time points after imprisonment (week 3, month 3, and month 9). The aims of the study were twofold: First, to identify group-based trajectories of mental health problems over the course of detention second, to test the association between trajectories and criminal recidivism. During detention, mental health tends to improve. At the same time, mental health problems are discussed as possible predictors of criminal recidivism. The burden of mental health problems in detained persons is high.
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